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How KappaB (P#2) affects the immune system 
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and the transcription factor NF-kappaB

Summary: KappaB is a protein or transcription factor in cells and when active has a negative effect on cells and the immune system, when inactive the body heals. KappaB was discovered and found to be able to regulate every cell. Evidently when KappaB is in its natural form it damages cells and when modified can heal cells. Many of the following research reports explain how it works often in deep scientific chemical language beyond a lay person to understand. For now the most important factor to me is that there are certain herbs that can be ingested to aid in controlling KappaB. This is important because KappaB is reported to be one of two primary causes of every disease and affects the immune system turning is destructive attributes off.

1. Cytokine Research Laboratory "The activation of nuclear transcription factor kappaB (P#2) (immune system) has now been linked with a variety of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, allergy, asthma, arthritis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, psoriasis, septic shock, and AIDS." and lists various herbs that can aid the immune system...The immune system can be treated with turmeric [curcumin], red pepper [capsaicin], cloves [eugenol], ginger (gingerol), cumin, anise, and fennel [anethol], basil and rosemary [ursolic acid], garlic [diallyl sulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine, ajoene], and pomegranate [ellagic acid]." http://lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:6695

2. Wikipidia "NF-kB (nuclear factor-kappa B) is a protein complex which is a transcription factor. NF-kB is found in all cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral antigens.[2] NF-kB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Consistent with this role, incorrect regulation of NF-kB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection and improper immune development. NF-kB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NF-kB

3. PSA Rising Magazine "I-Kappa B, New Gene Therapy, May Make Radiation and Chemo More Effective...The mechanism they’ve studied for more than three years involves NF-kappa B, a protein that attaches to DNA inside the nucleus of cells and turns genes on and off like a switch.http://www.psa-rising.com/medicalpike/i_kappa_b.htm

4. University of Calgary An Essential Role for NF-kappa B in Preventing TNF-alpha-Induced Cell Death "Upon receipt of a signal by TNF alpha, a cytoplasmic retention protein known as I B is degraded in the cytoplasm of these cells. I B is attached to another protein known as NF kappa B and functions to anchor it in the cytoplasm. Upon its degradation, it releases NF kappa B, which is now free to enter into the nucleus. NF kappa B is a transcription factor and thus must not only have a site on the DNA to bind to, but also a specific method of binding. It has been determined that NF kappa B utilizes the zinc finger to bind DNA (2). NF kappa B as a transcription factor has the ability to activate genes involved in inflammatory responses such as those encoding hematopoietic growth factors, chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, which has made it an appealing target for controlling inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is further understood that TNF alpha is not only involved in inflammatory response, but it has cytotoxic activity against tumors. http://www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/eduweb/virtualembryo/TNF1.html

5. The journal of Clinical Pharmicology "Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB) is an ubiquitous rapid response transcription factor in cells involved in imune and inflammatory reactions, and exerts its effect by expressing cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion moecules, growth factors, and immunoreceptors. In this manner, NF-KB contributes to immunologically medated diseases such as allograft rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, and bronchial asthma" http://jcp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/38/11/981

6. Science Magazine "Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is controlled by" http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/278/5339/860

7. CLL Topics "NF-kappaB (NF-?B) is actually a family of structurally-related proteins that are involved in the control of a large number of normal cellular and body functions, such as immune and inflammatory responses, developmental processes, cellular growth and apoptosis. In addition, these factors are persistently active in a number of diseases, including cancer, arthritis, chronic inflammation, asthma, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart disease. That makes understanding this process in CLL important — both the cancer and the immune system's response are strongly affected by the triggering of NF-?B. Additionally, therapeutically targeting the NFkB pathway offers a potential method of reducing inflammation and reducing tumor growth rate...Here are some of the more well known food based supplements that are effective in blocking the activation of NF-?B: Curcumin (extract from the yellow spice turmeric) Green tea extracts, Vitamins A and E
Resveratrol (found in red wine), Fish liver oils, Celebrex and aspirin, Sulforaphane (found in cruciform vegetables such as broccoli)" http://www.clltopics.org/ChronInflam/NFkB.htm

8. American Society for Clinical Investigation "Activation of the NF-{kappa}B pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis (see Tak and Firestein, this Perspective series, ref. 12), and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, altered NF-{kappa}B regulation may be involved in other diseases such as atherosclerosis (see Collins and Cybulsky, this series, ref. 13) and Alzheimer’s disease (see Mattson and Camandola, this series, ref. 14), in which the inflammatory response is at least partially involved. Finally, abnormalities in the NF-{kappa}B pathway are also frequently seen in a variety of human cancers....Flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds, found in plants, that exhibit a variety of biological activities, including suppression of inflammation, cancer chemoprevention, and protection from vascular disease. Several reports suggest that the properties of the flavonoids quercetin, resveratrol, and myricetin may be mediated through downregulation of the NF-{kappa}B pathway (45, 46). For example, resveratrol, which is found in red wine, can inhibit NF-{kappa}B activity and induce apoptosis in transformed cells, which may contribute to the ability of red wine to reduce mortality from coronary heart diseases and certain cancers (46). Resveratrol has strong inhibitory effects" http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/107/2/135

 

 

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