How
KappaB (P#2) affects the immune system
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and the transcription factor
NF-kappaB
Summary: KappaB is a protein
or transcription factor in cells and when active has
a negative effect on cells and the immune system,
when inactive the body heals. KappaB was discovered
and found to be able to regulate every cell. Evidently
when KappaB is in its natural form it damages cells
and when modified can heal cells. Many of the following
research reports explain how it works often in deep
scientific chemical language beyond a lay person to
understand. For now the most important factor to me
is that there are certain herbs that can be ingested
to aid in controlling KappaB. This is important because
KappaB is reported to be one of two primary causes
of every disease and affects the immune system
turning is destructive attributes off.
1.
Cytokine Research Laboratory
"The activation of nuclear transcription factor
kappaB (P#2) (immune system) has now been linked with
a variety of inflammatory diseases, including cancer,
arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes,
allergy, asthma, arthritis, Crohn's disease, multiple
sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, psoriasis,
septic shock, and AIDS." and lists various herbs
that can aid the immune system...The immune system
can be treated with turmeric [curcumin], red pepper
[capsaicin], cloves [eugenol], ginger (gingerol),
cumin, anise, and fennel [anethol], basil and rosemary
[ursolic acid], garlic [diallyl sulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine,
ajoene], and pomegranate [ellagic acid]." http://lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:6695
2.
Wikipidia
"NF-kB (nuclear factor-kappa B) is a protein
complex which is a transcription factor. NF-kB is
found in all cell types and is involved in cellular
responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free
radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or
viral antigens.[2] NF-kB plays a key role in regulating
the immune response to infection. Consistent with
this role, incorrect regulation of NF-kB has been
linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases,
septic shock, viral infection and improper immune
development. NF-kB has also been implicated in processes
of synaptic plasticity and memory" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NF-kB
3.
PSA Rising
Magazine "I-Kappa B, New Gene
Therapy, May Make Radiation and Chemo More Effective...The
mechanism they’ve studied for more than three
years involves NF-kappa B, a protein that attaches
to DNA inside the nucleus of cells and turns genes
on and off like a switch.http://www.psa-rising.com/medicalpike/i_kappa_b.htm
4.
University
of Calgary An Essential Role
for NF-kappa B in Preventing TNF-alpha-Induced Cell
Death "Upon receipt of
a signal by TNF alpha, a cytoplasmic retention protein
known as I B is degraded in the cytoplasm of these
cells. I B is attached to another protein known as
NF kappa B and functions to anchor it in the cytoplasm.
Upon its degradation, it releases NF kappa B, which
is now free to enter into the nucleus. NF kappa B
is a transcription factor and thus must not only have
a site on the DNA to bind to, but also a specific
method of binding. It has been determined that NF
kappa B utilizes the zinc finger to bind DNA (2).
NF kappa B as a transcription factor has the ability
to activate genes involved in inflammatory responses
such as those encoding hematopoietic growth factors,
chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, which
has made it an appealing target for controlling inflammatory
diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is further
understood that TNF alpha is not only involved in
inflammatory response, but it has cytotoxic activity
against tumors. http://www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/eduweb/virtualembryo/TNF1.html
5.
The
journal of Clinical Pharmicology "Nuclear
factor kappa B (NF-KB) is an ubiquitous rapid response
transcription factor in cells involved in imune and
inflammatory reactions, and exerts its effect by expressing
cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion moecules, growth
factors, and immunoreceptors. In this manner, NF-KB
contributes to immunologically medated diseases such
as allograft rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, and
bronchial asthma" http://jcp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/38/11/981
6.
Science
Magazine "Activation of the transcription
factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is controlled
by" http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/278/5339/860
7.
CLL Topics
"NF-kappaB (NF-?B) is actually a family of structurally-related
proteins that are involved in the control of a large
number of normal cellular and body functions, such
as immune and inflammatory responses, developmental
processes, cellular growth and apoptosis. In addition,
these factors are persistently active in a number
of diseases, including cancer, arthritis, chronic
inflammation, asthma, neurodegenerative diseases,
and heart disease. That makes understanding this process
in CLL important — both the cancer and the immune
system's response are strongly affected by the triggering
of NF-?B. Additionally, therapeutically targeting
the NFkB pathway offers a potential method of reducing
inflammation and reducing tumor growth rate...Here
are some of the more well known food based supplements
that are effective in blocking the activation of NF-?B:
Curcumin (extract from the yellow spice turmeric)
Green tea extracts, Vitamins A and E
Resveratrol (found in red wine), Fish liver oils,
Celebrex and aspirin, Sulforaphane (found in cruciform
vegetables such as broccoli)" http://www.clltopics.org/ChronInflam/NFkB.htm
8.
American
Society for Clinical Investigation
"Activation of the NF-{kappa}B pathway is involved
in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases,
such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis (see Tak and
Firestein, this Perspective series, ref. 12), and
inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, altered NF-{kappa}B
regulation may be involved in other diseases such
as atherosclerosis (see Collins and Cybulsky, this
series, ref. 13) and Alzheimer’s disease (see
Mattson and Camandola, this series, ref. 14), in which
the inflammatory response is at least partially involved.
Finally, abnormalities in the NF-{kappa}B pathway
are also frequently seen in a variety of human cancers....Flavonoids
are naturally occurring phenolic compounds, found
in plants, that exhibit a variety of biological activities,
including suppression of inflammation, cancer chemoprevention,
and protection from vascular disease. Several reports
suggest that the properties of the flavonoids quercetin,
resveratrol, and myricetin may be mediated through
downregulation of the NF-{kappa}B pathway (45, 46).
For example, resveratrol, which is found in red wine,
can inhibit NF-{kappa}B activity and induce apoptosis
in transformed cells, which may contribute to the
ability of red wine to reduce mortality from coronary
heart diseases and certain cancers (46). Resveratrol
has strong inhibitory effects" http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/107/2/135
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