1. "Tylenol is a North American brand of drugs for relieving pain, reducing fever, and relieving the symptoms of allergies, cold, cough, and flu. The active ingredient of its original, flagship product, acetaminophen (called "paracetamol" outside North America), is marketed for headaches, fever, muscle and body pain, arthritis, and joint pain. Like the words "acetaminophen" and "paracetamol", the brand name is derived from the chemical name for the compound, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP). It is available over the counter without prescription, has few side effects, and reacts with very few medications.[citation needed] However, it can cause liver, kidney, other organ damage, and have fatal interactions with alcohol and other substances, even in the recommended dosages.[1] The brand is owned by McNeil Consumer Healthcare[2]." (1)

2. "Organ-specific warnings; internal analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic drug products for over-the-counter human use; final monograph. Final rule. Food and Drug Administration, HHS.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing this final rule to require important new organ-specific warnings and related labeling for over-the-counter (OTC) internal analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic (IAAA) drug products. The new labeling informs consumers about the risk of liver injury when using acetaminophen and the risk of stomach bleeding when using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The new labeling is required for all OTC IAAA drug products whether marketed under an OTC drug monograph or an approved new drug application (NDA)." PMID: 19507324 (2)

3. "Drug-induced liver injury: what was new in 2008? Liss G, Lewis JH. Fellow in Gastroenterology Georgetown University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

Background: Given the number of publications appearing annually regarding drug-induced liver injury (DILI), there remains a need to concisely summarize each year's new crop of case series and reports as well as the advances in mechanisms of liver injury and in the field of pharmacogenomics relating to DILI. Objective: To present an up-to-date review of the past year's most important clinical studies and reports of DILI, placing them into context of previous publications. Methods: A Medline search was conducted of all manuscripts appearing in the fields "hepatotoxicity" and "drug-induced liver injury" during the calendar year 2008. The most clinically relevant English language case reports and studies exploring mechanisms and risk factors for DILI were then chosen for review, and supplemented with older literature where appropriate. Conclusions: As in past years, 2008 was replete with publications dealing with virtually all facets of DILI, including updated incidence and prevalence data, as well as the latest information regarding mechanisms of liver injury. Data from the first 300 patients in the National Institute of Health-sponsored DILI Network registry of > 100 non-acetaminophen causes were presented. Antimicrobials and CNS drugs were responsible for > 60% of cases, with herbals and dietary supplements being increasingly reported. Identification of genetic predispositions to DILI is coming of age with the FDA calling for the testing of human leukocyte antigen B(*)5701 before the use of abacavir to reduce the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Several groups emphasized the pitfalls in utilizing Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method and other causality assessment methodologies, and an updated review appeared on the use of potentially hepatotoxic medications in patients with underlying liver disease." PMID: 19505188 (3)

4. "Tylenol may hurt the liver even at the recommended doses, reveals a new study published in the July 5, 2006 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association." No documentation on their site for this claim, however this is a Layer web site offering their services for people injured by Tylenol indicating that they are able to pervail in claiming damages. (4)

5. "Famously generous with kidneys and toes, Mother Nature doesn't equip you with a spare liver. And considering that liver disease is the 10th leading cause of death, the organ gets very little attention. Yet if you overindulge in alcohol or combine it with pain medication for gym injuries, acquire tattoos and piercings, have unprotected sex, or use the wrong herbs or supplements, you might wind up as a statistic. And you probably won't even know it." (5)

6. "New research published in The Medical Journal of Australia has found that paracetamol is now the top cause of liver failure in Australia ahead of alcohol and hepatitis. Parents have been warned only to give the drug for high fever or severe pain." (6)